Get cirrus in the fight against climate change



































FEATHERY cirrus clouds are beautiful, but when it comes to climate change, they are the enemy. Found at high-altitude and made of small ice crystals, they trap heat - so more cirrus means a warmer world. Now it seems that, by destroying cirrus, we could reverse all the warming Earth has experienced so far.












In 2009, David Mitchell of the Desert Research Institute in Reno, Nevada, proposed a radical way to stop climate change: get rid of some cirrus. Now Trude Storelvmo of Yale University and colleagues have used a climate model to test the idea.












Storelvmo added powdered bismuth triiodide into the model's troposphere, the layer of the atmosphere in which these clouds form. Ice crystals grew around these particles and expanded, eventually falling out of the sky, reducing cirrus coverage. Without the particles, the ice crystals remained small and stayed up high for longer.












The technique, done on a global scale, created a powerful cooling effect, enough to counteract the 0.8 °C of warming caused by all the greenhouse gases released by humans (Geophysical Research Letters, DOI: 10.1002/grl.50122).


















But too much bismuth triiodide made the ice crystals shrink, so cirrus clouds lasted longer. "If you get the concentrations wrong, you could get the opposite of what you want," says Storelvmo. And, like other schemes for geoengineering, side effects are likely - changes in the jet stream, say.












Different model assumptions give different "safe" amounts of bismuth triiodide, says Tim Lenton of the University of Exeter, UK. "Do we really know the system well enough to be confident of being in the safe zone?" he asks. "You wouldn't want to touch this until you knew."












Mitchell says seeding would take 140 tonnes of bismuth triiodide every year, which by itself would cost $19 million.




















































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Latin America, Europe back free trade






SANTIAGO: European and Latin American leaders pledged here Saturday to shun protectionism and boost their strategic partnership to foster free trade.

Some 60 countries are represented at the summit between the 27-member European Union and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC).

Set up in Caracas in December 2011 at the behest of Venezuela, CELAC groups all nations from across the Americas except the United States and Canada and aims to boost regional trade and integration.

Chilean President Sebastian Pinera, the two-day summit's host, opened the session with a call for a new "strategic alliance to achieve sustainable development."

And indeed participants unanimously adopted a summit statement extolling their "strategic partnership to achieve sustainable development."

They also reiterated their commitment "to avoid protectionism in all its forms" and to "favour an open and non-discriminatory, ruled-based multilateral trade system."

"We firmly reject all coercive measures of unilateral character with extra-territorial effect that are contrary to international law and the commonly accepted rules of free trade," the statement said.

The leaders also pledged to continue working together "toward a new international financial architecture."

And they backed concrete actions to bolster law enforcement cooperation "to dismantle criminal organizations, all within the full respect of human rights and international law."

There was also support for the convening of a special UN General Assembly session on the global drug problem.

The leaders also gave a nod to "the universality and indivisibility of human rights as laid out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights."

It was the seventh summit between the two blocs but the first since the creation of CELAC. The two sides agreed to hold the next EU-CELAC summit in Brussels in 2015.

The EU is the biggest outside investor in Latin America, accounting for three percent of direct foreign investment in CELAC or $385 billion in 2010.

EU officials noted that the figure exceeds the combined investment in China, Russia and India.

"We need a strong political commitment to rein in protectionism and promote liberalization," European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso told a meeting of business chiefs leaders shortly before the political summit's opening.

Powerful German Chancellor Angela Merkel, whom the Chilean press has dubbed "Europe's boss," called for "cooperation without barriers to trade."

"The dynamic development of this entire region shows that we, within the EU, must strive to ensure we are not left behind, to improve our competitiveness, reduce our debt. We cannot live on the backs of future generations," she added.

The Europeans are particularly keen on securing the speedy conclusion of a free trade pact between the EU and the South American trading bloc Mercosur.

Negotiations have so far stumbled over differences on agriculture -- notably Europe's subsidies to its farmers, which undermine Latin America's efforts to sell its own products.

Argentine President Cristina Kirchner, who has taken some protectionist measures, said that the EU-Mercosur negotiations, launched in 2004, must restart on a "new basis" that can clear the way for a deal.

"The negotiations with the EU cannot be based on decisions made in 2004. We need new premises, first among all Mercosur members, not just between Brazil and Argentina," she said after a bilateral session with Rousseff.

Kirchner suggested establishing an ad hoc Mercosur panel to come up with new proposals and make a new offer to the EU later this year.

Meanwhile, a Venezuelan minister said here that President Hugo Chavez has beaten a severe respiratory infection that occurred after his latest cancer surgery in Cuba.

"The respiratory infection has been overcome, although there still is some degree of breathing difficulty that is being treated appropriately," Communications Minister Ernesto Villegas said on the sidelines of a EU-CELAC summit.

Chavez, who had surgery on December 12, has not been seen in public since he left Caracas for surgery at a hospital in Cuba.

Monday, the 33 CELAC leaders will hold their own summit here, with Cuba taking over chairmanship from Chile for one year. They are hoping to overcome ideological and economic differences to foster greater regional integration.

The meeting will seal Cuba's full regional reintegration and mark a major diplomatic coup for 81-year-old President Raul Castro. Cuba, the only non-democratic Communist-ruled country in the Americas, has been under a US economic embargo since 1962.

- AFP/fa



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The ultimate gall of a heartless iPhone thief



An object of desire?



(Credit:
CNET)


One should never expect justice in life.


The best one can hope for is poetry.


And yet, just once or twice, both manage to collide with a deliciousness that moves the soul.


Here is the tale of a teenage girl who had her iPhone stolen.



As The New York Times composes it, the girl had her
iPhone 4S ripped from her by a teenage boy in Brooklyn's notoriously difficult Prospect Park.


iPhone theft is rather popular in New York. Indeed, Mayor Bloomberg recently suggested that it's responsible for an increase in crime in the city.


Anyway, the iPhone-less girl collared a couple of policemen, but the miscreant was not to be found.


However, the thief then decided that he'd try to get some money for the phone. So he met a man on a Flatbush street -- as you do.


The man asked to take a look at the phone. Perhaps he wanted to see whether Siri was still inside.


Then, he ran off with it.


Yes, this is slightly poetic. But we've only just begun.


You see, the boy thief was not very happy. After all, he'd had his recently acquired property stolen. So he went off in search of a policeman to report the crime.


I pause for your sound effects.


Thank you.



More Technically Incorrect


The police reacted with unusual efficiency. They corralled both the boy and the man who had taken Siri from him. But they still assumed the boy was the victim.


Are you ready for verse three?


The phone rang. It was the girl trying to do a deal to get her phone back. The police realized something might be amiss here. This seemed to be a miss who actually owned the phone.


So they waited for her to arrive in Flatbush. She recognized the boy's sneakers. They were pink.


I pause for your further sound effects.


The police decided it was time to play Solomon. They would slice the phone in two if one party didn't renounce their claim to the phone.


No, wait. They asked both the girl and the pink-sneakered boy to unlock the phone with the PIN code.


You're already there, aren't you? Both the actual thieves were brought to justice -- the actual kind. And the girl got her phone back.


There are several morals to this story.


One, don't steal iPhones if you're wearing pink sneakers.


Two, if someone does unto you as you have done unto someone else, take it onto the chin. It will help you understand the feelings of others.


Three, if you're the kind of New Yorker who thinks they can always get away with it, well, you can't. Not always.


Read More..

Pictures: The Story Behind Sun Dogs, Penitent Ice, and More

Photograph by Art Wolfe, Getty Images

If you want the beauty of winter without having to brave the bone-chilling temperatures blasting much of the United States this week, snuggle into a soft blanket, grab a warm beverage, and curl up with some of these natural frozen wonders.

Nieve penitente, or penitent snow, are collections of spires that resemble robed monks—or penitents. They are flattened columns of snow wider at the base than at the tip and can range in height from 3 to 20 feet (1 to 6 meters). The picture above shows the phenomenon in central Chile. (See pictures of the patterns in snow and ice.)

Nieve penitente tend to form in shallow valleys where the snow is deep and the sun doesn't shine at too steep an angle, said Kenneth Libbrecht, a physicist at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena who studies ice crystal formation.

As the snow melts, dirt gets mixed in with the runoff and collects in little pools here and there, he said. Since the dirt is darker in color than the surrounding snow, the dirty areas melt faster "and you end up digging these pits," explained Libbrecht.

"They tend to form at high altitude," he said. But other than that, no one really knows the exact conditions that are needed to form penitent snow.

"They're fairly strong," Libbrecht said. "People have found [the spires] difficult to hike through."

Jane J. Lee

Published January 25, 2013

Read More..

Newtown Families March for Gun Control in DC


Jan 26, 2013 4:59pm







gty gun control march washington jt 130126 wblog Newtown Victims Families Join Gun Control Activists on DC March

(YURI GRIPAS/AFP/Getty Images)


WASHINGTON, D.C. — Near-freezing temperatures didn’t stop several thousand gun-control activists from bearing their pickets today, carrying signs emblazoned with “Ban Assault Weapons Now” and the names of gun violence victims in a demonstration organized as a response to the mass shooting in Newtown, Conn. last month.


Walking in silence, the demonstrators trudged between Capitol Hill and the Washington Monument over a thin layer of melting snow. They were joined by politicians and some families of the Newtown victims.


March organizer Shannon Watts said the event was for the “families who lost the lights of their lives in Newtown, daughters and sons, wives and mothers, grandchildren, sisters and brothers gone in an unfathomable instant.”


“Let’s stand together and use our voices, use our votes to let legislators know that we won’t stand down until they enact common sense gun control laws that will keep our children out of the line of fire,” she told demonstrators.


Watts founded One Million Moms for Gun Control after the killing of 20 first graders and six adults at the Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown in December. In a profile with the New York Times, Watts said her 12-year-old son had suffered panic attacks after learning of last summer’s Aurora, Colo., theater shooting, leaving her at an impasse over how to talk to him about the latest tragedy.


Also among the speakers was a survivor of the 2007 Virginia Tech massacre, Collin Goddard.


“We need to challenge any politician who thinks it’s easier to ask an elementary school teacher to stand up to a gunman with an AR-15 than it is to ask them to stand up to a gun lobbyist with a checkbook,” he said.


The demonstration comes amid a push by progressive lawmakers to enact stricter gun control measures as a response to the trend of recent mass killings, although any hypothetical bill would likely face strong opposition in Congress.


Rep. Chris Van Hollen, D-Md., was among the demonstrators today.


“The idea that people need high-capacity magazines that can fire 30, 50, 100 rounds has no place in a civilized society,” he said. “Between the time we’re gathered here right now and this time of day tomorrow, across America, 282 Americans will have been shot.”


The congressman was quoting statistics compiled by the Brady Campaign to Stop Gun Violence.


INFOGRAPHIC: Guns by the Numbers


Last week President Obama proposed a sweeping overhaul of federal measures regulating gun ownership, including a universal background check system for sales, banning assault weapons,  and curbing the amount of ammunition available in weapon clips.


An ABC News/Washington Post poll released Thursday found 53 percent of Americans viewed Obama’s gun control plan favorably, 41 percent unfavorably. The division was visible today, as a handful of gun-rights advocates also turned out on the National Mall to protest what they believe would be infringements on their Second Amendment liberties.


ABC’s Joanne Fuchs contributed to this report.



SHOWS: Good Morning America World News







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Today on New Scientist: 25 January 2013







Hagfish gulped up in first video of deep-sea seal hunt

Watch the first sighting of a seal's underwater eating habits spotted by a teenager watching a live video feed



World's oldest portrait reveals the ice-age mind

A 26,000-year-old carved ivory head of a woman is not just an archaeological find - a new exhibition in London wants us to see works like this as art



Dung beetles navigate using the Milky Way

Forget the Pole Star: on moonless nights dung beetles use the Milky Way to follow a straight path with their dung ball



Stress's impact can affect future generations' genes

DNA analysis has yielded the first direct evidence that chemical marks which disable genes in response to stress can be passed on to offspring



Uncharted territory: Where digital maps are leading us

The way we use maps is evolving fast, says Kat Austen, and it will change a great deal more than how we navigate



Feedback: Tales of the stony turd industry

Fossilised faeces in Shitlington, confusing railway notices, organic water, and more



Duolingo gives language learning a jump start

First evidence that Duolingo, a new website that helps you learn a language while translating the web, actually works



Dolphins form life raft to help dying friend

A group of dolphins was caught on camera as they worked together to keep a struggling dolphin above water by forming an impromptu raft



Zoologger: Supercool squirrels go into the deep freeze

Hibernating Arctic ground squirrels drop their body temperatures to -4 °C, and shut their circadian clocks off for the winter



Greek economic crisis has cleared the air

The ongoing collapse of Greece's economy has caused a significant fall in air pollution, which can be detected by satellites



Body armour to scale up by mimicking flexible fish

Armour that is designed like the scales of the dragon fish could keep soldiers protected - while still letting them bend



Astrophile: Split personality tarnishes pulsars' rep

Pulsars were seen as cosmic timekeepers, but the quirky way in which one example shines suggests we can't take their behaviour for granted



Shrinking proton puzzle persists in new measurement

The most precise experiment yet to find the proton's radius confirms that it can appear smaller than our theories predict - is new physics needed?



Tight squeeze forces cells to take their medicine

A short sharp squash in these channels and a cell's membrane pops open - good news when you want to slip a molecule or nanoparticle in there




Read More..

Obama, Hollande hold phone talks on Mali offensive






WASHINGTON: US President Barack Obama voiced support Friday for France's military intervention in Mali and vowed to work with French counterpart Francois Hollande to tackle extremism across North Africa.

The two presidents discussed other "shared security concerns," including Algeria, Libya and Syria, during telephone talks, the White House said in a statement.

"The president expressed his support for France's leadership of the international community's efforts to deny terrorists a safe haven in Mali," it added.

In condemning a deadly hostage-taking operation by militants in Algeria last week, the two leaders "affirmed their mutual commitment to countering terrorism more broadly in North Africa," according to the statement.

Preliminary estimates from the Algerian authorities say 37 foreign hostages and 29 kidnappers died in an attack at the In Amenas gas field and in the military operation that followed.

Hollande also thanked Obama for his "significant support" of the effort in Mali, the White House said.

The US Air Force has deployed C-17 cargo planes to carry French troops and equipment to northern Mali, where they are trying to help flush out radical extremist fighters.

The United States also was providing intelligence to France, drawing on its network of satellites and surveillance drones.

Paris has asked Washington to help with refueling its warplanes taking part in the fight against militant fighters in Mali, but Obama's administration has yet to approve the request.

Obama and Hollande also "emphasized the need to rapidly establish" both an African-led military force in Mali and a "political roadmap that will lead to elections and restoration of democratic governance," the White House said.

The pair "condemned last week's terrorist act in Algeria," and "affirmed their mutual commitment to countering terrorism more broadly in North Africa."

Turning to Libya, in the wake of an uprising that toppled dictator Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, the two presidents "noted the importance of sustained assistance to Libya as it works to build effective security sector institutions," the statement added.

Hollande and Obama also spoke about Syria, "expressing their strong concern about the humanitarian crisis affecting not just Syria but also neighboring countries and reiterating their commitment to assisting the Syrian people achieve political transition to a post-Assad Syria," the statement said.

Syria's civil war has already claimed the lives of more than 60,000 people since March 2011, according to the United Nations, which has predicted that the number of Syrian refugees in neighboring countries will double to 1.1 million by June if the conflict does not end.

- AFP/fa



Read More..

How I misjudged Vine, and came to see it as a new artform




I'll admit it, I misjudged Vine. Here's why.


One of the first things I read about Vine, Twitter's new stand-alone video app for iPhone and
iPod Touch, was Jack Dorsey's gushing tweet about the service.




"Vine is the most exciting thing I've seen in a while," Dorsey, Twitter's co-founder (and also founder of Square), tweeted yesterday morning. "Not just because of the team, because it brings an entirely new art form to the world."


I have a huge amount of respect for Dorsey -- after all, this is a man who helped change the way the world communicates, and then repeated that success by helping change the way the world pays for things. But I tend to tune out when an executive is so effusive in touting one of his or her company's own products. And that's what happened here: I automatically discounted Dorsey's praise and ignored the possibility that Vine could, in fact, offer the world a new art form.


It's also true that I didn't spend enough time with the app at first, and as a result I misunderstood what it was. I saw it as a simple six-second video that looped. Clearly, the digerati had anointed it the Thing of The Day, but I chalked that up to its being launched by Twitter. I thought it was derivative, and even a little annoying -- that looping thing could drive you crazy. I tweeted that if Vine had been entirely a stand-alone product, and not launched by Twitter, that few would care. Once the buzz died down, people would quickly tire of yet another video app, and within a week or two, Vine would fade away.


Fast forward a few hours, though, to an instant message conversation I had with my CNET colleague Jennifer Van Grove. She confided that she had been thinking more about Vine, and that she'd come to "understand why this is interesting [and] why it could matter."


In a bit of stream of consciousness, Van Grove rattled off a few reasons why she thought Vine might actually have some value: It makes the mundane seem interesting without requiring much work by the user; With no play button, the app presented no barrier to entry; It felt like something Tumblr should have built; and it offered a lot of appeal to teens, along the lines of Snapchat. "As much as I wanted to stay this is stupid," Van Grove said, "when I used it, I had fun. I was surprised, and I will use it."


When I got home, I pulled out the app to show it to my wife, who hadn't seen it. As I did, I stumbled across some of the videos that had been selected as Editor's Picks. The first to catch my eye was one in which a banana at first appeared whole, and then frame by frame, disappeared a piece at a time, as if by magic. On a loop, it was particularly clever because as soon as the banana was gone, it would reappear, again and again.


Sadly, one current limitation of Vine is that there's no way to get an embeddable code for an individual post, unless you can find a tweet in which it was included. As a result, there's no easy way for me to show the banana video. Here, though is a Vine I shot myself, showcasing the ability to shoot several individual moments and splice them all together:



It's now clear to me that I radically misunderstood how Vine works. Sure, you can use it to shoot an uninterrupted video of up to six seconds, but how mundane is that? In fact, the tool's real value is that it lets you very easily craft a video comprising six seconds of individual moments cobbled together into a final product. That opens up a whole world of short story-telling possibilities. For example, a major book publisher posted a Vine today showcasing their upcoming releases. They could have just panned from one book to the next in an uninterrupted shot, but this was much more dramatic.



Sure enough, in the early going, almost all of the most interesting Vines make full use of the tool's stop-motion/extended GIF capability, including the very first one ever posted, by Twitter CEO Dick Costolo, of someone cooking a special dish. A personal favorite of mine -- alas, another that I can't embed here, showed a line appearing on a piece of paper, and then morphing onto someone's hand, curving around, hitting their palm and turning into the word "fin," as in what you might see at the end of an art film.


By now, I was thinking again about Dorsey's tweet from the morning. Maybe he wasn't so far off. Vine has limitations, and it's too early to tell if it will have legs, but I'm coming to the conclusion that this is in fact an all-new art form. Put in the hands of clever, artistic types, there's very likely to be a never-ending supply of fun, interesting videos coming along -- accompanied, of course, by an infinite number of pointless ones.


It's not that Vine doesn't have some real problems. I'm still not convinced about the looping thing, and I wonder if over time, they'll provide a way to turn that off when viewing a Vine. At the same time, there doesn't appear to be a way to share others' videos -- you can't tweet someone else's Vine, in other words. And it's going to be hard for the service to grow all that fast without enabling that kind of sharing. But I imagine these are features that will emerge over time.


Either way, though, I expect a whole community of people to emerge who will coalesce around interesting, innovative Vines. Recall that that's exactly how Instagram took off -- by giving people attracted to artistic photography an easy to use tool and, even more importantly, an easy way to share their own and see others' creations. Boom! Ninety million active users.


Will Vine hit 90 million users? We're a long, long, long way from there. But with Twitter behind it and an enthusiastic community, I'm not willing to bet against it. At least not anymore.


Read More..

Pictures: The Story Behind Sun Dogs, Penitent Ice, and More

Photograph by Art Wolfe, Getty Images

If you want the beauty of winter without having to brave the bone-chilling temperatures blasting much of the United States this week, snuggle into a soft blanket, grab a warm beverage, and curl up with some of these natural frozen wonders.

Nieve penitente, or penitent snow, are collections of spires that resemble robed monks—or penitents. They are flattened columns of snow wider at the base than at the tip and can range in height from 3 to 20 feet (1 to 6 meters). The picture above shows the phenomenon in central Chile. (See pictures of the patterns in snow and ice.)

Nieve penitente tend to form in shallow valleys where the snow is deep and the sun doesn't shine at too steep an angle, said Kenneth Libbrecht, a physicist at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena who studies ice crystal formation.

As the snow melts, dirt gets mixed in with the runoff and collects in little pools here and there, he said. Since the dirt is darker in color than the surrounding snow, the dirty areas melt faster "and you end up digging these pits," explained Libbrecht.

"They tend to form at high altitude," he said. But other than that, no one really knows the exact conditions that are needed to form penitent snow.

"They're fairly strong," Libbrecht said. "People have found [the spires] difficult to hike through."

Jane J. Lee

Published January 25, 2013

Read More..

'Hot' Guns Fueling Crime, US Study Says













Christmas is the one day of the year that Wal-Mart is closed, but for a group of four New Mexico burglars, it was the perfect time to stop in for some firearms.


Video surveillance cameras caught the masked burglars red-handed, stealing rifle after rifle. Police arrested the four men, and were able to recover the guns. But all too often, stolen weapons end up in the hands of criminals.


The New Mexico caper is part of a flood of gun thefts nationwide. And it's not only commercial gun dealers vulnerable to theft.


Guns are a top target for home burglars looking for something they can easily sell on the street.


An estimated 230,000 guns per year are stolen in home burglaries and property crimes, according to a study by the Department of Justice.


"Any burglar that goes in a house and finds guns, their eyes are going to light up," says former ATF Assistant Director Mike Bouchard. "That's the first thing they're going to take."


The statistics for commercial thefts show that nearly 25,000 guns per year are lost or stolen from gun dealers.


According to the Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), more than 4,000 gun stores and retailers have been targeted in the last three years, with 74,000 guns reported stolen or lost. And criminals will use any method possible to get their hands on some weapons, either for their own use, or to sell on the black market.






Minnesota Public Radio, Jeffrey Thompson/AP Photo











Washington Teen Allegedly Helped Steal Father's Guns Watch Video









Obama on Gun Violence Measures: 'This Is Common Sense' Watch Video







Recently, thieves have taken to using a stolen vehicle to ram down the front doors of a gun store. In North Charleston, S.C., for example, burglars smashed a stolen truck right through Guns and Gold Trading Post, stealing $4,500 worth of guns before making a quick getaway.


"Gun stores are like candy stores for criminals," says Mike Bouchard.


2012 was a record year for gun sales, with more than 19.5 million background checks run for gun purchases, up almost 20% from the previous year. But while legitimate sales skyrocket, huge numbers of illegal guns are hitting the streets.


According to the Justice Department, more than 1.4 million guns were stolen or lost between 2005 and 2010.


Former ATF Assistant Director Bouchard says crooks have easy access to cheap stolen guns on the street.


"If you talk to any criminal, they can find a gun within an hour or two. Cheaper guns that were stolen can be sold for $50. On the street, a typical good handgun will run you $200 to $300," Bouchard said.


Some thieves have even targeted gun shipments, stealing the weapons before they get to market.


Last November, for example, a rogue truck driver allegedly stole a shipment of 111 guns he was supposed to deliver from the Smith and Wesson factory in Springfield, Mass.


When police caught him, they recovered 28 of the stolen guns, but some had already been used in crimes.


When police arrested the alleged stick-up robber known as the Black Jacket Bandit, they found one of the stolen guns was allegedly used by him in a convenience store robbery within weeks of the delivery heist.


In November, more than 100 powerful AK-47s were stolen from a rail yard in Atlanta. The guns were in a box car containing more than 1,000 guns being shipped from an overseas manufacturer to a major U.S. distributor, authorities say.


A few of the weapons have been recovered, but police are deeply concerned about having scores of new assault rifles falling into the wrong hands.


Given all the gun thefts, police say it is critical for gun owners to secure their weapons in gun safes or locked cases. And authorities are urging gun retailers to fortify their buildings, to try to prevent "smash and grab" type robberies.



Read More..