Plants listen more closely to kin than strangers









































It is not just humans that like a natter with their nearest and dearest – plants pay most attention to their closest relatives.











When an insect bites a leaf, many plants release volatile chemicals to prime their neighbours for attack. The defences this triggers vary – some plants respond by attracting predatory insects that eat the herbivores, others make themselves less tasty.













Now Richard Karban of the University of California, Davis, has shown that for the sagebrush, responses to these warning signals can vary with relatedness.












At the start of three growing seasons, Karban's team exposed different branches of the same plants to volatile chemicals. The substances came from relatives of the same species whose leaves had been clipped to trigger chemical release.












By the end of the seasons, herbivores had done less damage to the branches exposed to chemicals from close relatives than to those receiving signals from more distant relatives – the warning probably prompting the plants to release herbivore-deterring chemicals, says Karban.












He has previously shown that the blend of volatiles varies enormously between individuals – "so much so that big peaks in some individuals are undetectable in others", he says.












However, there is some similarity between family members. Karban thinks this variability is being exploited by the plants as a kind of family-specific signature, to prevent eavesdroppers from listening in and to give those that share the same genes a greater chance of survival.












Some plants are genetically more resistant to being eaten than others, so it makes sense that plants should care more about their kin's fate than that of the general population.












"It is very elegant work," says Susan Dudley from McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, who has shown that plants competing for space in a small pot are less aggressive if they are related to their neighbours.












She thinks this kind of kin-recognition is probably common among many plants.












Journal Reference: Proceedings of the Royal Society B, doi: 10.1098/rspb.2012.3062


















































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Obama vows 'firm' action against N.Korea






WASHINGTON: President Barack Obama on Tuesday vowed to take "firm action" alongside US allies against the "provocations" of North Korea after the communist state carried out its third nuclear test.

"The regime in North Korea must know that they will only achieve security and prosperity by meeting their international obligations," Obama told Congress in his annual State of the Union address.

"Provocations of the sort we saw last night will only isolate them further, as we stand by our allies, strengthen our own missile defense and lead the world in taking firm action in response to these threats," he said.

Obama in his first term had largely given up hope of changing the behavior of North Korea and instead pursued a series of "strategic patience" of waiting for Pyongyang to make the first move.

But North Korea worked its way back into the headlines less than a day before Obama's speech when it carried out its third nuclear test. Obama spoke earlier Tuesday with South Korean President Lee Myung-Bak.

- AFP/sf



Read More..

Apple reportedly has 100-person team working on 'iWatch'



Is Apple eyeing an iWatch?

Is Apple eyeing an iWatch?



(Credit:
Sarah Tew and Christopher MacManus/CNET)



As the Apple "iWatch" rumor mill gets wound up, a new report holds that Apple already has a team of 100 people working on the rumored smart wristwatch, including some prominent Apple employees.


Following initial reports earlier this week that Apple was developing an iOS-based wristwatch, unnamed sources tell Bloomberg that the team working on just such a device has grown over the past year and includes employees from its marketing, software, and hardware units who had previously worked on the iPhone and
iPad.

Key members of the team are said to include James Foster, Apple's senior director of engineering, and Achim Pantfoerder, a program manager who is credited with 13 Apple patents, including an electronic sighting compass and ambient light sensor.




The report comes on the heels of a New York Times report over the weekend that said Apple was experimenting with wristwatch-like devices that sported curved glass. However, a team of this size and with such prominent membership suggests the company might be farther ahead than the experimental phase.


CNET has contacted Apple for comment and will update this report when we learn more.

Previous reports held that Apple had partnered with Intel to develop an iOS wristwatch that would be Bluetooth-enabled and sport a 1.5-inch OLED screen.

Read More..

Your Shot: Blizzard Photos From Our Readers








































































































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State of the Union: Obama Pushes Job Creation


Feb 12, 2013 5:40pm


Tonight President Obama will gives his annual assessment to the nation of the State of the Union at 9 p.m., followed by a Republican response from Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., and Tea Party response from Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky. The president has said he will focus on the economy, and there are seven things we’re pretty certain he will say.


Refresh here for updates and fact checks throughout the night.


Tune in to ABCNews.com for livestreaming coverage of the 2013 State of the Union Address. ABC State of the Union coverage starts at 8:50 p.m.


All times are in Eastern Standard Time.


9:53 p.m. – What Would It Mean to Increase the Minimum Wage?


ABC’s Shushannah Walshe and Sarah Parnass report:


President Obama called for an increase of the federal minimum wage in his address tonight from $7.25 an hour to $9.00 an hour by 2015. It’s the first time as president Obama has proposed raising the minimum wage, but as a candidate in 2008 he promised to raise it to $9.50 by 2011. The last time it was raised was in 2009 when it increased from $6.55 to $7.25 an hour where it has stayed since.


It was the last step of a three part increase approved by Congress in 2007 and it translates to $15,080 a year for a full time worker. Before 2007, the minimum wage remained at $5.15 per hour for ten years. There have been calls consistently for the minimum wage to be raised and currently there are campaigns in New York, Maryland, Connecticut, New Mexico amongst others to lobby at the state level for an increase in the state minimum wage.


Washington is the only state with a minimum wage of $9 or more. Seven other states and the District of Columbia have a minimum wage of $8 or more. So for most states it would mean at least a $1 increase per hour for all workers at the lowest level of the pay scale.


Back to the top


9:49 p.m. – Obama Urges House to Pass Violence Against Women Act


In his address, President Obama praised Vice President Joe Biden for his role in putting together the original Violence Against Woman Act and urged the House to pass the bill.


That legislation was approved in the Senate earlier today.


Univision’s Emily DeRuy reports on why this act – once considered relatively uncontroversial – is by no means guaranteed to pass. Read more from DeRuy here.


9:45 p.m. – Obama Wants Pre-K for All


ABC’s Shushannah Walshe reports:


Obama called for a new program to support state efforts to increase access for all four-year-olds to quality preschool education. The National Institute for Early Education Research’s most recent report in 2011 on the State of Preschool said funding for pre-K “decreased by almost $60 million in 2010-2011 when adjusted for inflation, despite the use of $127 million in funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA).”


The report said it was the “second year of decline” and “in some states, the declines in 2010-2011 have been compounded by cuts in 2011-2012—and further cuts loom for 2012-2013. This threatens to undo much of the progress some states have made.”


The report says these cuts compounded with demand for high-quality pre-K means “the nation is experiencing a crisis in quality.”


While 28 percent of 4-year-olds were enrolled in early childhood education programs in 2011, up from 27 percent in 2010 average state spending per child enrolled was $4,151 in 2011, a more than $700 drop from 2002, the report states.


Opponents of universal pre-K see it as just another example of wasteful government spending while the national deficit continues to swell.


Back to the top


9:40 p.m. – Obama Repeats Infrastructure Pitch


ABC’s Sarah Parnass reports:


If it feels like you’ve heard Obama’s call for infrastructure jobs before, that’s probably because you have.


Tonight, President Obama proposed a program he called “Fix-It-First” “to put people to work as soon as possible on our most urgent repairs, like the nearly 70,000 structurally deficient bridges across the country.”


“And to make sure taxpayers don’t shoulder the whole burden, I’m also proposing a Partnership to Rebuild America that attracts private capital to upgrade what our businesses need most: modern ports to move our goods; modern pipelines to withstand a storm; modern schools worthy of our children,” Obama said. “Let’s prove that there is no better place to do business than the United States of America. And let’s start right away.”


In September of 2011, Obama told a crowd in Detroit, Mich. there were roads and bridges in the U.S. “that need rebuilding.”


“We’ve got private companies with the equipment and the manpower to do the building,” Obama said that Labor Day. “We’ve got more than 1 million unemployed construction workers ready to get dirty right now.”


Even then it was a tired refrain.


At that time ABC’s Devin Dwyer reported the president first presented a similar plan for jobs in infrastructure in 2010.


Read more on that $50-billion proposal here.


Back to the top


9:36 p.m. – Palin Punts


While President Obama discussed his plans for wind energy and slowing climate change, former GOP vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin asked his supporters if they had “#OBuyersRemorse?”




Back to the top


9:33 p.m. – A Lack of Enthusiasm for SOTU


ABC’s Chris Good reports:


Not everyone likes State of the Union addresses. Count newly minted GOP Sen. Jeff Flake, R-Ariz., among the less enthused.


“I don’t like them when Republicans give them,” the former congressman told ABC on his way into the chamber.


Asked how many times he expected to clap tonight, Flake wouldn’t say.


“The first time I attended one with President Bush, [former GOP congressman and current Indiana Gov.] Mike Pence and I were sitting next to each other, and [Bush] was talking about No Child Left Behind or something, and he leaned over and said, ‘Just cause I’m a-clappin for it doesn’t mean I’m a-votin for it,’” Flake recounted.


Back to the top


9:29 p.m. – Obama Fights Back on Budget


“Deficit reduction alone is not an economic plan,” President Obama said tonight shortly before 9:30 p.m.


In the past few weeks, conservatives have been urging the president to put forward a plan for a balanced budget.




Back to the top


9:28 p.m. – Secretary of State ‘Having a Great Time’


ABC’s Chris Good reports:


John Kerry seems to be having a grand old time at the State Department.


“It’s great–I’m having a great time,” Kerry said of his new job, pausing _very_ briefly on his way into an ante-room outside the House chamber before President Obama’s State of the Union address.


“I’m having fun,” he said.


Kerry quickly disappeared into the room with his wife.


Back to the top


9:09 p.m. – Vice President Four-Eyes>


ABC’s Arlette Saenz reports:


Did you notice the new look on VP Joe Biden tonight? The vice president is wearing glasses because he scratched his eye with a contact lens, a White House aide says.


He wore the glasses yesterday at the roundtable on gun safety in Philadelphia. Biden does not wear his glasses at major events very often.


9:05 p.m. – State of the Union: Who’s On the Sidelines?


Back to the top


8:38 p.m. – Scalia Calls SOTU a ‘Rather Silly Affair’


ABC’s Ariane de Vogue reports Justice Scalia didn’t hold back tonight when asked during a speaking engagement why he hasn’t attended a State of the Union address for some 16 years.


“It has turned into a childish spectacle,” he said. “I do not want to be there to lend dignity to it.”


Scalia said the event “has become a very political event” that is filled with applause lines. He said it’s a “rather silly affair”.


It is not the first time Scalia has expressed his doubts about the State of the Union.


He added he was unaware when he agreed to speak that tonight’s event would conflict with President Obama’s speech.


“I didn’t set this up just to upstage the president,” he joked.


Scalia spoke to an audience at George Washington University in an event sponsored by The Smithsonian Associates. He was interviewed by NPR’s Nina Totenberg.


Back to the top


8:27 p.m. – 45 Gun Violence Victims to Attend


ABC’s John Parkinson reports Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer is bringing two guests, pushing the total to 45 guests who are victims or related to victims of gun violence.


Congressman Hoyer invited Patricia Bell and Sabrina Worthington, the mother and sister of Maryland State Trooper Wesley Brown, a young officer who was tragically shot and killed while working an off-duty security detail at a restaurant in Forestville, Md., in 2010.


Back to the top


8:20 p.m. – Sec. Chu to Be Designated Survivor


ABC’s Devin Dwyer reports Energy Secretary Steven Chu has been designated to not attend the State of the Union address at the Capitol this evening, per the White House.


He is the “designated survivor” in the event of a catastrophic occurrence tonight. He will watch the speech from an undisclosed location.


Earlier this month Chu announced that he would step down from his cabinet post and return to California.


He then proved that politicians can take a joke, ABC’s Zach Wolf reports, when he responded to an Onion parody in which he was portrayed as waking up hung over, next to a solar panel.


Back to the top


7:50 p.m. – What to Watch Tonight


ABC’s Rick Klein ticks off the five things to look out for during Obama’s address tonight.


From gun violence to Obama’s bread and butter; and from marching orders for members of Congress to a sneak-peek of 2016.


Read the rest from Rick here.


Back to the top


7:37 p.m. – Americans for Prosperity Prez Gives SOTU Pre-buttal


Tim Phillips, president of the Koch Brothers-funded conservative group, Americans For Prosperity, went after Obama this evening for excerpts of his remarks released ahead of the State of the Union address that promised not to increase the deficit.


“Much has changed in the last four years; the President has apparently abandoned his original promise of cutting the deficit in half, and is now promising to not raise the deficit. This is hardly reassuring given the past four years of trillion dollar deficits, and certainly doesn’t even hint at actually reducing runaway government spending,” Phillips said in a statement e-mailed to ABC News. “If we ever hope to get the economy going again, we need serious spending cuts to end these job-killing deficits. Promises to not make the problem worse just aren’t going to cut it.”


A popular Tea Party tweeter also wasn’t buying it.




Back to the top


7:11 p.m.: – Ted Nugent: ‘Gun Control is What Every Murderer Loves’


gty ted nugent dm 120418 wblog LIVE UPDATES: 2013 State of the Union Address

(Image Credit: Randy Snyder/Getty Images)


ABC Radio’s Steve Portnoy reports:


Donning a camouflage cowboy hat and jeans, Nugent comes to the Capitol tonight at the invitation of Rep. Steve Stockman, R-Texas.


“[Stockman] knew that the State of the Union would be stacked with pawns, with friends of the president, and a lot of props to further the president’s anti-American agenda,” Nugent told ABC News in Stockman’s office Tuesday, explaining he accepted the invitation “to counter the stacked deck.”


Nugent said he sympathizes with the victims of gun violence who he’ll be joining in the House visitor’s gallery, some of whom earlier Tuesday tearfully urged congress to act.


“Our hearts are broken every time there’s a victim of violent crime in this country,” Nugent said. But, he argues, the overwhelming majority of violent crimes in the US “are committed by violent criminals let out of their cages.”


He excoriated the president and other administration officials for suggesting that they have a solution to the country’s gun violence problem, accusing them of incompetence.


“Somehow the gun-running attorney general and the Chicago ACORN community organizer come from an area where it’s the murder capital. Their dream of a ‘gun-free zone’ already exists, and there’s more murders in those gun-free zones than in any of the gun-infested territories that I hang out in.”


Nugent says further measures to curb the sale of certain types of guns, or high capacity magazines, simply won’t work.


“It is a lie, it is a scam, it is counterproductive. Gun control is what every murderer loves, because then he can murder without anyone shooting back. How dare you want more Chicagoes when you can have more Wacos?”


Back to the top


6:58 p.m.: – Rubio Records Spanish State of the Union Rebuttal




Back to the top


6:40 p.m. – The Right Thing to Do


Back in June, ABC’s Jilian Fama took a look at one of President Obama’s favorite phrases: “Do the right thing.”


Doing the right thing seems to be hard for everyone, except President Obama. He always seems to know the “right thing to do.” Indeed, he uses his presidential remarks to instruct the American people on the right thing to do over and over again.


At the NALEO conference June 22, Obama touted that passing health care legislation was the “right thing to do.” He issued a statement claiming “after a century of trying, we finally passed reform that will make health care affordable and available for every American. “Then, as if once weren’t enough,  he joyously declared three times, “That was the right thing to do. That was the right thing to do. That was the right thing to do.”


Read more from Fama here.


Back to the top


6:30 p.m. – 8 State of the Union Promises Obama Made 


ABC’s Chris Good takes a look at past State of the Union speeches and makes note of whether Obama kept the vows he made to the nation.


1. Cut the Deficit in Half. Obama in 2009: “Yesterday, I held a fiscal summit where I pledged to cut the deficit in half by the end of my first term in office.”


Did it happen? 


No. In 2009, the Office of Management and Budget estimated a deficit of $1.4 trillion. In 2013, it projects a deficit of $900 billion.


Read the rest from Good here.


6:01 p.m. – Rand Paul to Tell Dems and GOP to Stop ‘Protecting Their Sacred Cows’


Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., previewed his response to the president’s speech hours before Obama was scheduled to take the podium with two excerpts on Facebook.


His first focused on immigration reform:


“We are the party that embraces hard work and ingenuity, therefore we must be the party that embraces the immigrant who wants to come to America for a better future. We must be the party who sees immigrants as assets, not liabilities. We must be the party that says, ‘If you want to work, if you want to become an American, we welcome you.”


His second attacked his colleagues’ spending habits:


“Both parties have been guilty of spending too much, of protecting their sacred cows, of backroom deals in which everyone up here wins, but every taxpayer loses. It is time for a new bipartisan consensus. It is time Democrats admit that not every dollar spent on domestic programs is sacred. And it is time Republicans realize that military spending is not immune to waste and fraud.”


Back to the top


5:08 p.m. – Victims of Gun Violence Wear Ribbon with Newtown Colors


ht green ribbon kb 130212 wblog LIVE UPDATES: 2013 State of the Union Address

(Image Credit: John Parkinson/ABC News)


ABC’s John Parkinson reports at least 40 victims of gun violence plan to attend tonight’s speech in Washington. They won’t likely be sitting together, but they will be distinguishable by the green and silver ribbons handed out to them by Rep. Jim Langevin, D-R.I., staff. Green and silver are the colors of Newtown High School.


Read more about Rep. Langevin’s SOTU plan here.


At 5:45 p.m. Parkinson reports there are three more victims of gun violence now expected to attend, bringing the total number to 43.


Back to the top


5:01 p.m. - Tune in to ABCNews.com/live at 9 p.m. for the 2013 State of the Union Address.


And in the meantime, brush up on what to watch for below:


Obama Will Hasten Afghanistan Drawdown – Halve American Troops in One Year -


A faster pace than expected –  http://abcn.ws/VdqQTW (Karl and Martinez)


7 Things Obama Always Says at #SOTU -
1.      Education: Let’s improve it!
2.     ’Clean Energy.’
3.     Some Kind of Tax Credit.
4.     Shrink Our ‘Deficit of Trust.’
5.     America, and Specific Americans, Are the Best.
6.     Investment.
7.      China, India, and Germany.


More on that, with citations and explanations from Chris Good – http://abcn.ws/VSE8lU


Jon Karl’s Preview -


In contrast to his inaugural address, President Obama’s State of the Union speech will focus primarily on jobs and the economy, outlining new initiatives on manufacturing, education, clean energy and infrastructure. http://abcn.ws/XHH1rb


Boehner – Obama Lacks ‘The Guts’ to Make Tough Choices -


A feisty House Speaker John Boehner (who will sit behind President Obama tonight) said this morning that he doesn’t believe President Obama “has the guts” to make the tough choices to address the government’s mounting deficit problem. http://abcn.ws/WiwHGI (Jon Karl)


The Audience – Gun Rights Advocates vs. Ted Nugent -


Keep an eye out for gun control advocates wearing green ribbons and, wearing a goatee and maybe a cowboy hat, gun rights advocate Ted Nugent, who will be in attendance – http://bit.ly/XyWRT9


Marco Rubio SOTU Response: Latin Symbol for GOP -


Delivering the GOP response to the president’s State of the Union address tonight, Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., becomes the face of the Republican Party. http://abcn.ws/12JAt0V (Jim Avila)

More on “The Rubio Factor” from Fusion’s Jordan Fabian – http://abcn.ws/X5V5tt


Rubio’s Competition -


Cliff’s Notes on the last 4 Republican respondersBobby Jindal, Bob McDonnell, Mitch Daniels and Paul Ryan – http://abcn.ws/Y77YTm


The Senate Passed the Violence Against Women Act Today -


Will the House follow suit? – From Fusion’s Emily DeRuy – A bill aimed at preventing domestic violence might sound reasonably uncontroversial, but House Republicans have voiced their opposition to some of the provisions, including one that would allow American Indian authorities to prosecute non-American Indians in tribal courts. The original 1994 act expired in 2011 and a divided Congress failed to reauthorize it last year. Republicans, reeling from a poor performance with women and minorities during the November election, have been more receptive this time around. The bill would grant more than $650 million over five years to states and local governments to provide things like transitional housing and legal assistance to victims. The hang-up is in the details of the bill. http://abcn.ws/Wj2CXw


The State of the Union is…
“…second opportunity for the president to … talk to the 48 or 9 percent of the people that didn’t support him.” http://abcn.ws/VdUGaP (Tom Cole)
“…going to have to focus on public education http://abcn.ws/YcNsRL  (Michelle Rhee)
“…in a difficult state for working class families…” – http://abcn.ws/XHcvh3 (Keith Ellison)
“…still pretty bad.” – http://abcn.ws/TKC42w (Paul Krugman)
“mixed.” http://abcn.ws/XHcvh3

How’s the Speech? ‘We’ll Find Out Tonight,’ Obama Says -


Taking a break from speech prep this afternoon, President Obama sounded confident about his State of the Union address but offered reporters little in the way of a preview. http://abcn.ws/VRbAhO  (Mary Bruce)


#SOTU Pulse Check – ABC Poll Shows Americans Unhappy With System Overall, But Obama’s Policies Beat Out GOP’s -


As politicians ponder the state of the union, the union’s looking back at the state of politics. And it’s none too thrilled. http://abcn.ws/WYGW2Y (Greg Holyk poll)



Obama to Announce 34,000 Troop Afghanistan Drawdown This Year -


President Obama will announce at Tuesday night’s State of the Union address that 34,000 troops – more than half of those currently serving in the combat region – will be back from Afghanistan a year from tonight, according to a source familiar with the speech. http://abcn.ws/VdqQTX


Gun Violence Victims Offer Opposing Views on Solutions in Senate Hearing-


Two people who lost family members to gun violence offered a Senate Judiciary subcommittee opposite positions today on the best way to solve the problem, one saying if she’d been able to carry a gun legally she could have stopped the shooter while the other said more restrictions are needed to keep guns out of criminals’ hands.http://abcn.ws/VSSsuJ (Arlette Saenz)


Proposed Constitutional Amendment Claims Money Is Not Speech -


Corporations, like people, have a constitutional right to spend money on U.S. elections. That’s what the U.S. Supreme Court decided in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission in 2010.http://abcn.ws/WHaTXb (Jilian Fama)


Changes In the Constitution Experts Would Like to Make -


The Constitution has held the United States government together for more than 200 years with remarkably few changes – there have been only 27 ratified amendments in part because it is such a difficult process.  http://abcn.ws/X52BET  (Alisa Wiersema)


State Of The Union: Guns, Jobs, #SOTU (The Note): The State of the Union is…


… all over the map. http://abcn.ws/Y6EwNc (Michael Falcone)



‘The State of the Union is…’ According to Rep. Tom Cole & Nicolle Wallace -


“The state of the union is the second opportunity for the president to do what he didn’t do in the inaugural address – that’s talk to the 48 or 9 percent of the people that didn’t support him.” http://abcn.ws/12b95Jn (Arlette Saenz)


Paralyzed Rep. to Showcase Gun Victims at State of the Union -


Rep. Jim Langevin smiles in his congressional office as he confidently demonstrates the robotics of his wheelchair, popping upright on the front two wheels of his iBOT 4000 to bring himself eye-to-eye with ABC News’ chief White House correspondent Jonathan Karl. http://abcn.ws/U9JUmN (John Parkinson)


Anti-’Amnesty’ Activists Prepared for Immigration Fight -


The forces that helped to bring down a proposed sweeping overhaul of the U.S. immigration system in 2007 are quietly mobilizing to do the same again. http://abcn.ws/XFKYg9 (Devin Dwyer)


2013 State of the Union: What Has Changed Since 2012?


In these new circumstances his rhetoric is likely to change but the topics won’t.  http://abcn.ws/11DEN2C (Sarah Parnass)


David Walker SOTU OpEd -


The current state of the union is mixed. While we are a great country, the largest economy, and the world’s leading democracy, we face serious challenges that threaten our collective future.  http://abcn.ws/X5299I (David Walker)


Curated by ABC’s Z. Byron Wolf and Sarah Parnass

Read More..

Arctic sunshine cranks up threat from greenhouse gases









































IT'S a solar double whammy. Not only does sunlight melt Arctic ice, but it also speeds up the conversion of frozen organic matter into carbon dioxide.











The amount of carbon in dead vegetation preserved in the far northern permafrost is estimated to be twice what the atmosphere holds as CO2. Global warming could allow this plant matter to decompose, releasing either CO2 or methane – both greenhouse gases. The extent of the risk remains uncertain because the release mechanisms are not clear.













Rose Cory at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and her colleagues analysed water from ponds forming on melting permafrost at 27 sites across the Arctic. They found that the amount of CO2 released was 40 per cent higher when the water was exposed to ultraviolet light than when kept dark. This is because UV light, a component of sunlight, raises the respiration rate of soil bacteria and fungi, amplifying the amount of organic matter they break down and the amount of CO2 released.












The thawing Arctic is emerging as a potentially major source of positive feedback that could accelerate global warming beyond existing projections. "Our task now is to quantify how fast this previously frozen carbon may be converted to CO2, so that models can include the process," Cory says.












Journal reference: PNAS, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1214104110.




















































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Asian markets rise in quiet trade






HONG KONG: Asian markets rose in holiday-thinned trade on Tuesday, with Tokyo given a boost by a weaker yen while Sydney was at almost three-year highs as dealers grow confident in the global economic outlook.

With several regional markets still closed for Lunar New Year celebrations, trading was quiet, while dealers look ahead to a meeting of the Group of 20 top economic power at the end of the week.

Tokyo surged 2.43 per cent, Sydney added 0.17 per cent and Seoul gained 0.10 per cent.

Hong Kong, Shanghai, Taipei, Singapore and Kuala Lumpur were closed for public holidays.

Japanese shares were the big gainers as the yen tumbled against the dollar in New York on Monday after US Treasury official Lael Brainard praised Tokyo's efforts to boost growth and counter deflation.

Analysts say his comments indicate Washington will not support any criticism of Japan's recent monetary easing measures at the G20 meeting on Friday.

Tokyo's recent moves have stoked fears, especially in Europe, of a currency war between the major economies as policymakers seek to devalue their currencies to make exports more competitive.

The dollar stood at 94.28 yen in early Asian trade, from 94.33 yen in New York late Monday.

The euro fetched $1.3403 and 126.36 yen, compared with $1.3404 and 126.42 yen.

"(The dollar/yen) is back in the 94-yen levels," Yoshihiro Okumura, general manager of research at Chibagin Asset Management, told Dow Jones Newswires. "This is going to give a tailwind."

There was little direction from Wall Street, where the Dow fell 0.16 per cent and the S&P 500 and Nasdaq ended flat.

In electronic oil trading New York's main contract, light sweet crude for delivery in March, was down 15 cents to $96.88 a barrel in the morning, while Brent North Sea crude for March was up nine cents to $118.22.

Gold was at $1,643.10 at 0100 GMT.

- AFP/ck



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LG updates Optimus L-Series handsets for MWC 2013




LG L Series II handsets

The successors of LG's L Series handsets, which include the L7 II, L5 II, and L3 II.



(Credit:
LG)


Mobile World Congress will kick off in Barcelona in two weeks, but that doesn't mean the news will wait until then.


LG announced today that it will unveil the next iteration of its L-Series line of mid-tier devices at the mobile conference later this month.



The series includes the successors of the LG Optimus L7, L5, and L3.


The updated L7, aptly called the LG Optimus L7 II, will have a dual-SIM version that will launch in Russia this week.


Its processor will be bumped up from a single-core to a 1GHz dual-core CPU, and it will get a bigger 2,460mAh battery.


And while it will retain a 4.3-inch WVGA IPS display, it now has an 8-megapixel camera (the previous generation had a 5-megapixel camera), and it will run on
Android 4.1 Jelly Bean.


The L5 II will have a 4-inch WVGA display and a 1,700mAh battery, while the lowest-tiered phone, the L3 II, will have a 3.2-inch QVGA IPS display and a 1,540mAh battery.


Although LG didn't release any U.S. availability date about these handsets, I wouldn't be surprised if a couple of U.S. carriers nab an L II handset later on.


Boost Mobile and U.S. Cellular both brought the L7 to our shores (but it was renamed the LG Venice and LG Splendor, respectively) and T-Mobile had the Optimus L9, though there was no mention of a successor for that smartphone, unfortunately.


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Who's Next? A Look at Likely Successors to Benedict





With 1 billion Catholics worldwide, the face of the church is changing.



It's something the cardinal electors may keep in mind when the conclave to elect a new pontiff begins in late March, said Matthew Bunson, general editor of the Catholic Almanac and author of "We Have a Pope! Benedict XVI."



RELATED: Pope Benedict XVI Resigns: The Statement



The 117 cardinals who are eligible to vote for the new pontiff hail from approximately 50 different countries, and they almost always elect one of their own.



Joseph Ratzinger, an intellectual and respected cardinal from Germany, was the frontrunner for the papacy in 2005, Bunson said. When elected, he became Pope Benedict XVI.



This year, there are no strong favorites.



"The door, in a way, is very much open," Bunson said.



FULL COVERAGE: Pope Benedict XVI Resignation



Here's a quick look at some of the possible picks for pope:




Angelo Cardinal Scola, 71, Italy


Scola was named the Archbishop of Milan in 2011, a prominent post in the Roman Catholic church.


"If we had to pick a frontrunner, it's him," Bunson said. "He first is a brilliant theologian and has the intellectual heft to be pope, which is crucial. He has the clear favor of Pope Benedict.


Milan and Venice together have produced five popes in the past century.


Scola is also committed to promoting an understanding across faiths.


He started the Oasis Foundation in 2004, which helps bridge a dialogue between Christians and Muslims.


Helen Alvaré, a professor of law at George Mason University and an advisor to Pope Benedict XVI's Pontifical Council for the Laity, agreed that Scola will be considered papabili -- an Italian word for someone highly qualified for the papacy.


"It would not be surprise me if a Scola, or another great European mind also was determined to be what was needed for the times," she said.

Marc Cardinal Ouellet, 68, Canada


The former Archbishop of Quebec, who now heads the Congregation of Bishops, has a deep knowledge of the global workings of the church, Bunson said.


"He has had a major role in the appointment of the church's leaders around the world," Bunson said.


And he points out that at 68 years old, Ouellet has age on his side.


Ouellet is someone who could have "worldwide reach," Alvaré said.


"The man who is chosen for the position he has is someone who is understood to have the presence and the future of the church in mind," she said.

Peter Cardinal Turkson, 64, Ghana


Turkson, who hails from Ghana, may be in the running.


He is currently the president of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, a post he was appointed to by Pope Benedict XVI in 2009.


The job has sent Turkson, who speaks six languages, around the world to handle mediations.


"The fact that an African cardinal is a candidate to be elected pope is the statement to the diversity of the church and the remarkable growth around the world," Bunson said.


Turkson discussed the possible of a black pope at a press conference in 2009, following the U.S. presidential election.


"And if by divine providence -- because the church belongs to God -- if God would wish to see a black man also as Pope, thanks be to God," he said.


Francis Cardinal Arinze, from Nigeria, has also been discussed as a potential pope.

Leonardo Cardinal Sandri, 69, Argentina


With a large center of Catholic faithful in Latin America, Sandri could become the first pope from the region.


The 69-year-old, who was born in Argentina to Italian parents, served as a chief of staff in the Vatican, often reading public message when Pope John Paul II was in declining health.


It was Sandri who announced the passing of the pontiff in St. Peter's Square on April 2, 2005.


"He's well-liked around the world," Bunson said.


He currently serves on the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, acting as a liason with Eastern European Catholic churches.


Sandri is fluent in English, Spanish, Italian, German and French.

Angelo Cardinal Bagnasco, 70, Italy


The Archbishop of Genoa has a "reputation for intellectual heft," Bunson said.


Bagnasco, two-time president of the Italian Bishops Conference, has a history of taking a strong stance on church doctrine.


In 2007, he was the subject of death threats after he led a campaign against proposed Italian legislation to grant some legal rights to unmarried couples, including people in same-sex relationships.


Italians form the largest voting block in the College of Cardinals, with 25 percent of the seats, and could help propel Bagnasco into the papacy.

Tarsicio Cardinal Bertone, 78, Italy


The current Cardinal Secretary of State is a strong candidate if the Holy Spirit wants another great European mind at the helm of the church, Alvaré said.


Bertone runs the day-to-day business of the Roman Curia, the Vatican's government.


He has reportedly been criticized by Vatican officials for his handling of issues ranging from sexual abuse in the church to Vatican finances.


In an open letter last year, Pope Benedict XVI acknowledged the in-fighting and pledged his support for his secretary of state.


"I've noted with regret the unjust criticism directed at your person," the pope wrote. "I intend to reaffirm my pledge of personal faith in you."


Although he's held in high regard by the pope, Bunson believes Bertone's age will keep him from the papacy.


"His age is against him," he said, pointing out that Bertone is the same age as his boss when he was elected.

Timothy Cardinal Dolan, 63, New York


While the thought of an American pope has long seemed impossible, Cardinal Dolan should not be ruled out, Alvaré said.


"History is changing," she said. "We've been at this a while here in the states, [although] not anywhere as long as Europe."


Dolan, an affable cardinal well-known by Catholics in the U.S. and abroad, "has been grappling with some of the leading questions that face the church for the future," Alvaré said.


In September 2012, along with comedian Stephen Colbert, he co-led a discussion on faith and humor at Fordham University.


"If I am elected pope, which is probably the greatest gag all evening, I'll be Stephen III," he told the crowd of students.


Despite Dolan's good standing, Bunson said he has some doubts.


"It strikes me as unlikely, simply because we are the world's last superpower," he said of the U.S. "So I think that might factor in."


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